Scientists discover threes of new species in the deepest depths of the ocean

The Earth’s earth area includes marine areas from 19,700 to 36,000 feet (6,000 to 11,000 meters) below sea level. The reference to the Greek god of the underworld, Hades, is no accident -these are the deepest areas of our oceans and one of the most explored areas of the earth. New research sheds light on this dramatic environment and creatures that call it at home, despite the extreme conditions.

The researchers used a avant -garde Chinese submersible, called Fendouzhe, to immerse more than 35 700 feet (10,900 m) below sea level and to collect hundreds of biological samples from the Hadal Zone in the japan, the Philippine pool and the Mariani from more than 7,000 microbial species, documented, documented. Their explorationPosted on March 6 at Cell, it emphasizes the surprising diversity in one of the most extreme circles on our planet.

“Extremely high novelty, variety and heterogeneity have been observed in the Hadala microbiome, especially among prokaryotes and viruses, which are influenced by both the broader context of extreme environmental conditions and delicate topography in the Hadal area,” the researchers write in the study. Their work is part of the Mariana Trench Environment and Ecology Research (Meer) project, which they claim to provide “the first systematic view of the ecosystem in the Hadala area.”

The Hadala area is characterized by extreme pressure, almost freezing temperatures, low nutrient levels and almost complete darkness. To put it, “exceptional environmental challenges facing life,” according to researchers. Nevertheless, Hadal samples reveal the presence of 7,564 microbial species, of which 89.4% were first documented. The “remarkable diversity” of the samples was also reflected in the genetics of germs, which revealed a wide range of survival strategies.

The paper is one of a a Trio or more research Hadal Zone’s ecosystems posted on the same day. One of the other studies detailed how Ampipids (Small shrimp -like creatures) can thrive in the extreme Hadala area thanks to the symbiotic connection to bacteria. The other suggests that the fish living deeper than 1.8 miles (3 kilometers) below sea level all have a Genetic mutation This helps them mitigate the effects of cold, pressure and lack of sunlight.

This last study also calculates when some marine creatures first descend to such depths. For example, researchers suggest eels to colonize the deep seas about 100 million years ago, which allowed them to survive a meteoric effect that almost deletes dinosaurs and decorated marine creatures inhabiting the spully waters.

Overall, the three studies have demonstrated the existence of such adaptive mechanisms between the microorganisms and the greater beings living in the Hadala area. “These findings suggest the existence of convergence strategies for adaptation to Hadal environment that exceed the limits of species and biological areas,” the researchers wrote in A A comment Concerning the trio of research. In other words, the extreme environment of the Hadal Zone has probably misled unrelated species to develop such features.

However, in addition to germs, amphipodes and fish, researchers also collide with human waste: plastic bags, soda boxes, beer bottles and even laundry basket, according to ScienceS

“It was deeply shocking to us,” said Weishu Zhao, an extreme microbiologist at the University of Shanghai Jiao Tong and co -author of the microbial study, said ScienceS While she and her colleagues note that the germs in the deep water seem capable of processing some human pollutants, it seems like a small solace in front of the imprint of humanity, reaching the deepest regions of our oceans.

In the end, the study gives a rare view of the exceptional variety of a region Once thought to be lifeless– Following that life really always finds a way.